PTSD and Trauma

It is natural to feel afraid during and after a traumatic situation. Fear is a part of the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, which helps us avoid or respond to potential danger. People may experience a range of trauma symptoms after such an event, and most individuals recover from initial symptoms over time. However, those who continue to experience problems may be diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). 

Anyone can develop PTSD at any age. This includes combat veterans and individuals who have experienced or witnessed physical or sexual assault, abuse, an accident, a disaster, or other serious events. People with PTSD may feel stressed or frightened, even when they are not in immediate danger. 

Someone exposed to trauma can experience various symptoms, for example:

- Experiencing flashbacks—reliving the traumatic event, including physical symptoms such as a racing heart or sweating

- Having recurring memories or dreams related to the event

- Having distressing thoughts

- Experiencing physical signs of stress

Thoughts and feelings can trigger these symptoms, as can words, objects, or situations that serve as reminders of the traumatic experience. 

Common behaviors include:

- Staying away from places, events, or objects that remind them of the trauma

- Avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the traumatic event

- Being easily startled

- Feeling tense, on guard, or on edge

- Having difficulty concentrating

- Struggling to fall asleep or stay asleep

- Feeling irritable and exhibiting angry or aggressive outbursts

- Engaging in risky, reckless, or destructive behavior

Cognition and mood symptoms can begin or worsen after the traumatic event, potentially leading a person to feel detached from friends or family members. Mental health therapy can be essential for those dealing with PTSD and the associated trauma symptoms, helping them to navigate their recovery process. 

Adapted from NIMH